時間已到深冬,今晚就是平安夜了,你會給你的男/女朋友送上一顆平安果嗎?
作為一名科技宅,很抱歉不能給每一位小夥伴都送上蘋果,那就送給大家一個技能吧,用各種程式語言手寫一顆聖誕樹,祈福各位關注我的小夥伴都平平安安!
C/C++
如何用 C 語言畫一個“聖誕樹”,就不介紹太簡單的方法了(for迴圈列印幾個' * ')。直接看網上大神寫的聖誕樹,有沒有很不錯的感覺!
下方是C語言原始碼,可以自行編譯執行。
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define PI 3.14159265359
float sx, sy;
float sdCircle(float px, float py, float r) {
float dx = px - sx, dy = py - sy;
return sqrtf(dx * dx + dy * dy) - r;
}
float opUnion(float d1, float d2) {
return d1 < d2 ? d1 : d2;
}
#define T px + scale * r * cosf(theta), py + scale * r * sin(theta)
float f(float px, float py, float theta, float scale, int n) {
float d = 0.0f;
for (float r = 0.0f; r < 0.8f; r += 0.02f)
d = opUnion(d, sdCircle(T, 0.05f * scale * (0.95f - r)));
if (n > 0)
for (int t = -1; t <= 1; t += 2) {
float tt = theta + t * 1.8f;
float ss = scale * 0.9f;
for (float r = 0.2f; r < 0.8f; r += 0.1f) {
d = opUnion(d, f(T, tt, ss * 0.5f, n - 1));
ss *= 0.8f;
}
}
return d;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
int n = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 3;
for (sy = 0.8f; sy > 0.0f; sy -= 0.02f, putchar('\n'))
for (sx = -0.35f; sx < 0.35f; sx += 0.01f)
putchar(f(0, 0, PI * 0.5f, 1.0f, n) < 0 ? '*' : ' ');
}
由於原來聖誕樹的葉子和枝幹都是由' * '來代替,風格太過單一。經過作者的最佳化,成功升級為3D效果,還是蠻炫酷的。由於較過多的浮點運算,使得執行時間較長,執行下面的程式花了近1060s ,動手能力強的小夥伴可以嘗試最佳化一下。
下方是原始碼:
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PI 3.14159265359f
float sx, sy;
typedef float Mat[4][4];
typedef float Vec[4];
void scale(Mat* m, float s) {
Mat temp = { {s,0,0,0}, {0,s,0,0 }, { 0,0,s,0 }, { 0,0,0,1 } };
memcpy(m, &temp, sizeof(Mat));
}
void rotateY(Mat* m, float t) {
float c = cosf(t), s = sinf(t);
Mat temp = { {c,0,s,0}, {0,1,0,0}, {-s,0,c,0}, {0,0,0,1} };
memcpy(m, &temp, sizeof(Mat));
}
void rotateZ(Mat* m, float t) {
float c = cosf(t), s = sinf(t);
Mat temp = { {c,-s,0,0}, {s,c,0,0}, {0,0,1,0}, {0,0,0,1} };
memcpy(m, &temp, sizeof(Mat));
}
void translate(Mat* m, float x, float y, float z) {
Mat temp = { {1,0,0,x}, {0,1,0,y}, {0,0,1,z}, {0,0,0,1} };
memcpy(m, &temp, sizeof(Mat));
}
void mul(Mat* m, Mat a, Mat b) {
Mat temp;
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
temp[j][i] = 0.0f;
for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++)
temp[j][i] += a[j][k] * b[k][i];
}
memcpy(m, &temp, sizeof(Mat));
}
void transformPosition(Vec* r, Mat m, Vec v) {
Vec temp = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
temp[j] += m[j][i] * v[i];
memcpy(r, &temp, sizeof(Vec));
}
float transformLength(Mat m, float r) {
return sqrtf(m[0][0] * m[0][0] + m[0][1] * m[0][1] + m[0][2] * m[0][2]) * r;
}
float sphere(Vec c, float r) {
float dx = c[0] - sx, dy = c[1] - sy;
float a = dx * dx + dy * dy;
return a < r * r ? sqrtf(r * r - a) + c[2] : -1.0f;
}
float opUnion(float z1, float z2) {
return z1 > z2 ? z1 : z2;
}
float f(Mat m, int n) {
float z = -1.0f;
for (float r = 0.0f; r < 0.8f; r += 0.02f) {
Vec v = { 0.0f, r, 0.0f, 1.0f };
transformPosition(&v, m, v);
z = opUnion(z, sphere(v, transformLength(m, 0.05f * (0.95f - r))));
}
if (n > 0) {
Mat ry, rz, s, t, m2, m3;
rotateZ(&rz, 1.8f);
for (int p = 0; p < 6; p++) {
rotateY(&ry, p * (2 * PI / 6));
mul(&m2, ry, rz);
float ss = 0.45f;
for (float r = 0.2f; r < 0.8f; r += 0.1f) {
scale(&s, ss);
translate(&t, 0.0f, r, 0.0f);
mul(&m3, s, m2);
mul(&m3, t, m3);
mul(&m3, m, m3);
z = opUnion(z, f(m3, n - 1));
ss *= 0.8f;
}
}
}
return z;
}
float f0(float x, float y, int n) {
sx = x;
sy = y;
Mat m;
scale(&m, 1.0f);
return f(m, n);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
int n = argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 3;
float zoom = argc > 2 ? atof(argv[2]) : 1.0f;
for (float y = 0.8f; y > -0.0f; y -= 0.02f / zoom, putchar('\n'))
for (float x = -0.35f; x < 0.35f; x += 0.01f / zoom) {
float z = f0(x, y, n);
if (z > -1.0f) {
float nz = 0.001f;
float nx = f0(x + nz, y, n) - z;
float ny = f0(x, y + nz, n) - z;
float nd = sqrtf(nx * nx + ny * ny + nz * nz);
float d = (nx - ny + nz) / sqrtf(3) / nd;
d = d > 0.0f ? d : 0.0f;
// d = d < 1.0f ? d : 1.0f;
putchar(".-:=+*#%@@"[(int)(d * 9.0f)]);
}
else
putchar(' ');
}
}
python
提供一種最簡單的python實現方法,哈哈!不喜勿噴!
原始碼如下:
height = 5
stars = 1
for i in range(height):
print((' ' * (height - i)) + ('*' * stars))
stars += 2
print((' ' * height) + '|')
也可以使用簡單的圖形庫Turtle來實現,就像下面這樣子。原理也很簡單,參照前面最簡單的實現方法,載入圖形庫後把原有的*使用綠色的方塊代替,在各個角和頂部採用紅色圓形代替,樹幹用棕色方塊代替即可,最後在適當潤色一下。
當然還有另外一種實現方式,是一種動態的效果。
下面是原始碼:
from turtle import *
import random
import time
n = 80.0
speed("fastest")
screensize(bg='seashell')
left(90)
forward(3*n)
color("orange", "yellow")
begin_fill()
left(126)
for i in range(5):
forward(n/5)
right(144)
forward(n/5)
left(72)
end_fill()
right(126)
color("dark green")
backward(n*4.8)
def tree(d, s):
if d <= 0: return
forward(s)
tree(d-1, s*.8)
right(120)
tree(d-3, s*.5)
right(120)
tree(d-3, s*.5)
right(120)
backward(s)
tree(15, n)
backward(n/2)
for i in range(200):
a = 200 - 400 * random.random()
b = 10 - 20 * random.random()
up()
forward(b)
left(90)
forward(a)
down()
if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
color('tomato')
else:
color('wheat')
circle(2)
up()
backward(a)
right(90)
backward(b)
time.sleep(60)
JAVA
這款JAVA版本的聖誕樹和前面Python版本類似,不同的地方在於此版本引用的較多的素材和動態效果,在點選了左上角的按鈕為ON之後開始播放音樂,聖誕樹也開始閃爍變化。
這裡放出作者的github連結,作者為[codeXiaoMing]:
https://github.com/codeXiaoMing/christmasTree/tree/master
大家學會了嗎?快去編譯打包一下發給朋友吧!
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