本文節選自外刊《科學》(SCIENCE ADVANCES • 30 Mar 2022 • Vol 8, Issue 13 )Soft robotic origami crawler——軟機器人摺紙爬行器。
論文節選內容如下:
Soft robotic origami crawler
軟機器人摺紙爬行器
Biomimetic soft robotic crawlers have attracted extensive attention in various engineering fields, owing to their adaptivity to different terrains.
仿生軟機器人履帶因其對不同地形的適應性,在各個工程領域引起了廣泛關注。
Earthworm-like crawlers realize locomotion through in-plane contraction, while inchworm-like crawlers exhibit out-of-plane bending-based motions.
蚯蚓狀爬行動物透過面內收縮實現運動,而尺蠖狀爬行動物表現出基於面外彎曲的運動。
Although in-plane contraction crawlers demonstrate effective motion in confined spaces, miniaturization is challenging because of limited actuation methods and complex structures.
儘管面內收縮履帶在有限的空間內表現出有效的運動,但是由於有限的驅動方法和複雜的結構,小型化是具有挑戰性的。
Here, we report a magnetically actuated small-scale origami crawler with in-plane contraction.
在這裡,我們報告了一個磁驅動的小規模摺紙爬蟲與平面收縮。
The contraction mechanism is achieved through a four-unit Kresling origami assembly consisting of two Kresling dipoles with two-level symmetry.
收縮機制是透過一個四單元Kresling摺紙元件實現的,該元件由兩個具有兩級對稱性的Kresling偶極子組成。
Magnetic actuation is used to provide appropriate torque distribution, enabling a small-scale and untethered robot with both crawling and steering capabilities.
磁驅動用於提供適當的扭矩分配,使小型無纜機器人具有爬行和轉向能力。
The crawler can overcome large resistances from severely confined spaces by its anisotropic and magnetically tunable structural stiffness.
透過其各向異性和磁可調的結構剛度,該爬行器可以克服來自嚴重受限空間的大阻力。
The multifunctionality of the crawler is explored by using the internal cavity of the crawler for drug storage and release.
利用爬行器內腔儲存和釋放藥物,探索爬行器的多功能性。
The magnetic origami crawler can potentially serve as a minimally invasive device for biomedical applications.
磁性摺紙爬行器可以潛在地用作生物醫學應用的微創裝置。
重點詞彙
origami日本摺紙術
biomimetic仿生化的
crawlers爬行者;(crawler的複數)
terrains地帶;地面;(terrain的複數)
earthworm蚯蚓
locomotion運動;動力;移動
inchworm尺蠖;打環機
miniaturization小型化;微型化
magnetically有磁力地;有吸引力地
dipoles偶極;偶極天線;(dipole的複數)
Crawling motion is a navigation strategy that is commonly observed in animals, especially in worms.
爬行運動是一種常見於動物,尤其是蠕蟲的導航策略。
In these animals, body contraction paired with inhomogeneous friction between the surfaces of contact enables forward motion.
在這些動物中,身體收縮加上接觸面間的不均勻摩擦使得它們能夠向前運動。
Worm-based crawling motion shows high adaptivity to complicated terrains because of the soft deformable body.
由於柔性變形體的存在,蠕蟲爬行運動對複雜地形具有很強的適應性。
By engineering effective crawling, robotic crawlers on various scales have attracted extensive efforts for applications, including planetary subsurface exploration, in-pipe inspection, and gastrointestinal endoscopy, where the operating space is limited or confined.
透過設計有效的爬行,各種規模的機器人爬行器已經吸引了廣泛的應用努力,包括行星地下勘探、管道內檢查和胃腸內窺鏡檢查,其中操作空間是有限的或受限的。
重點詞彙
crawling爬行;(crawl的現在分詞形式);匍匐而行
worms沃爾姆斯
paired成對的
inhomogeneous不均一的;非同質的;異成分的;相異的;非齊次的
terrains地帶;地面;(terrain的複數)
deformable可變形的
robotic機器人的;自動機的;機械呆板的;機器人(或自動機)似的
crawlers爬行者;(crawler的複數)
subsurface地表下層
gastrointestinal endoscopy胃腸內窺鏡;消化道內鏡;消化內鏡
On the basis of the observed crawling mechanisms, earthworm-like crawlers have been designed to realize locomotion through in-plane contraction, while inchworm-like crawlers are designed to exhibit out-of-plane bending-based motions.
基於觀察到的爬行機制,蚯蚓狀爬行器被設計成透過平面內收縮來實現運動,而尺蠖狀爬行器被設計成表現出基於平面外彎曲的運動。
In confined spaces where out-of-plane motion is constrained, the in-plane contraction crawling mechanism surpasses the bending-based counterpart.
在平面外運動受限的受限空間中,平面內收縮爬行機制優於基於彎曲的對應機制。
The contraction of in-plane crawlers is usually achieved through contractile structures or soft materials.
面內爬行器的收縮通常透過可收縮結構或軟材料來實現。
Most of the crawlers based on contractive mechanisms only demonstrate straight motion by actuating either the whole body with a single actuator or several individual segments synergistically with multiple actuators.
大多數基於收縮機構的履帶僅透過用單個致動器致動整個身體或者用多個致動器協同地致動幾個單獨的節段來展示直線運動。
On the other hand, the steering function requires additional mechanisms with added actuators.
另一方面,轉向功能需要具有附加致動器的附加機構。
These actuators, including motors and pneumatic pumps, commonly lead to bulky systems with extensive wires or tubes.
這些致動器,包括馬達和氣動泵,通常導致具有大量電線或管道的龐大系統。
The complicated structures and control systems pose challenges for small-scale applications such as those in the biomedical field.
複雜的結構和控制系統對生物醫學領域等小規模應用提出了挑戰。
To this effect, an alternative is crawlers made of stimuli-responsive soft materials that generate contraction via large deformation of the soft crawler body, which usually has a relatively simple structure that permits small-scale design.
為此,一種替代方案是由刺激響應性軟材料製成的履帶,其透過軟履帶體的大變形產生收縮,該履帶體通常具有允許小規模設計的相對簡單的結構。
Some recent crawlers with a millimeter-sized beam structure have demonstrated the capabilities of effective locomotion and cargo transportation for open biomedical environments, such as the stomach.
一些最新的具有毫米大小的梁結構的爬行器已經展示了在開放的生物醫學環境(例如胃)中有效移動和運輸貨物的能力。
Although soft materials allow easy deformation for contraction, their low material stiffness makes it challenging for the crawler to overcome the large environmental resistance introduced by confined spaces, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract and abdomen, where contacts between tissues or organs are common.
儘管軟材料允許收縮時容易變形,但是它們的低材料硬度使得履帶車難以克服由有限空間引入的大的環境阻力,例如在胃腸道和腹部中,組織或器官之間的接觸是常見的。
To navigate in these environments, systems that allow effective contraction for crawling while having the capability to overcome external load in the lateral direction are desirable.
為了在這些環境中導航,需要允許用於爬行的有效收縮同時具有克服橫向方向上的外部負載的能力的系統。
重點詞彙
crawling爬行;(crawl的現在分詞形式);匍匐而行
crawlers爬行者;(crawler的複數)
locomotion運動;動力;移動
contraction收縮;縮小;縮約;縮約形式;攣縮;縮約詞
inchworm尺蠖;打環機
surpasses超越;優於;勝過
counterpart對應的人;副本;複本
contractile可收縮的;收縮性的;造成收縮的
contractive有收縮性的;收縮的
actuating開動;(actuate的現在分詞)
Origami provides a seamless and effective way of generating contraction by means of structural folding and thus has been adopted to engineer robotic crawlers.
摺紙提供了一種透過結構摺疊產生收縮的無縫和有效的方式,因此已經被用於工程機器人履帶車。
Origami structures demonstrate anisotropic structural stiffness along folding directions and lateral directions, which is beneficial for effective crawling in confined spaces.
摺紙結構表現出沿摺疊方向和側向的各向異性結構剛度,這有利於在受限空間中的有效爬行。
The inherently low stiffness in the foldable direction allows for easy contraction, while the appreciably higher stiffness in the lateral direction makes the crawler more immune to unexpected disturbances from working environments.
在可摺疊方向上固有的低剛度允許容易的收縮,而在橫向方向上明顯較高的剛度使得履帶更能免受來自工作環境的意外干擾。
The Kresling pattern is a specific type of origami that generates axial contraction under either torque or compressive force.
Kresling模式是一種特定型別的摺紙,在扭矩或壓力下產生軸向收縮。
Its contraction is coupled with a twist from the relative rotation between the two ends of the unit (Fig. 1A).
它的收縮伴隨著單元兩端之間相對旋轉的扭曲(圖1A)。
When using the Kresling unit for crawler contraction, the twist induces undesired lateral movement, which prohibits the straight motion of the crawler and limits its application to specific environments, such as in a tube.
當使用Kresling單元進行履帶收縮時,扭曲導致不希望的橫向運動,這阻止了履帶的直線運動,並限制了其在特定環境中的應用,例如在管道中。
Although some works adopt two parallel Kresling assemblies with reverse crease directions to cancel out twists in the system, the clumpy structure and multiple wired actuators hinder the miniaturization of the robotic crawler for applications in environments with limited access.
雖然一些工作採用兩個具有相反摺痕方向的平行Kresling元件來抵消系統中的扭曲,但是笨重的結構和多個有線致動器阻礙了機器人履帶車在有限進入環境中應用的小型化。
重點詞彙
origami日本摺紙術
robotic機器人的;自動機的;機械呆板的;機器人(或自動機)似的
crawlers爬行者;(crawler的複數)
crawling爬行;(crawl的現在分詞形式);匍匐而行
inherently天性地;固有地
foldable可摺疊的;可合攏的
appreciably明顯地;相當地;可覺察地;可察覺地
crawler爬行的東西;卑躬屈膝者;諂媚奉承者;履帶拖拉機;履帶式車輛;爬蟲程式
immune to免疫於;不受…的影響;對…具有免疫
specific type特定型別
In this work, we report a magnetically actuated small-scale origami crawler for effective in-plane crawling motion.
在這項工作中,我們報告了一個磁驅動的小規模摺紙爬行有效的平面爬行運動。
The crawler is made of a four-unit Kresling assembly with a rationally designed structure to avoid the relative rotation between the two ends of the assembly and to cancel out internal twists for efficient straight motion.
該履帶由四單元Kresling元件製成,其結構設計合理,避免了元件兩端之間的相對旋轉,並消除了內部扭曲,以實現高效的直線運動。
The required torque distribution on the crawler is theoretically derived and verified by finite element analysis (FEA) to obtain simultaneous contraction of all four Kresling units for the crawling motion.
理論上推匯出履帶上所需的扭矩分佈,並透過有限元分析(FEA)進行驗證,以獲得所有四個Kresling單元在爬行運動中的同時收縮。
The torques are then realized by distributed magnetic actuation.
然後透過分散式磁驅動實現扭矩。
By controlling the magnitude and direction of the external magnetic field, the Kresling crawler can achieve contraction for forward motion and instantaneous steering.
透過控制外部磁場的大小和方向,Kresling履帶可以實現收縮,以實現向前運動和瞬時轉向。
The untethered magnetic actuation eliminates the need for bulky and wired actuators, enabling a small-scale and neat robotic system.
無束縛的磁性致動消除了對笨重和有線致動器的需要,實現了小規模和整潔的機器人系統。
The measured anisotropic and magnetically tunable structural stiffness along the axial and lateral directions of the Kresling crawler helps the crawler achieve effective locomotion in severely confined spaces.
沿著Kresling履帶車的軸向和橫向方向測量的各向異性和磁可調結構剛度有助於履帶車在嚴重受限的空間中實現有效的移動。
In addition, drug storage and release capabilities are demonstrated to illustrate the multifunctionality of the crawler.
此外,展示了藥物儲存和釋放能力,以說明履帶的多功能性。
重點詞彙
magnetically有磁力地;有吸引力地
actuated開動;激勵;(actuate的過去分詞)
crawler爬行的東西;卑躬屈膝者;諂媚奉承者;履帶拖拉機;履帶式車輛;爬蟲程式
crawling爬行;(crawl的現在分詞形式);匍匐而行
rationally理性地;講道理地
cancel out取消;抵消;消除
twists歪曲;扭轉;纏繞;搓
torques扭矩;力矩;項鍊;金屬飾環;[動]頸四周的彩色項毛圈;(torque的複數)
actuation刺激;衝動;驅使
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學習路徑建議:金句記憶——關鍵詞學習——拓展詞彙訓練——觸類旁通——舉一反三。
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