087 原子核的發現
Discovery of Atomic Nucleus
（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）
原子核的發現
According to Thomson’s model, if an alpha particle were to collide with an plum-pudding atom, it would just fly straight through, its path being deflected by at most a fraction of a degree. But in the experiment Geiger and Marsden saw that most of the particles are scattered through rather small angles, but, and this was the big surprise, a very small fraction of them are scattered through very large angles, approaching 180° (i.e., they were recoiled backwards).
根據湯姆遜的模型，如果一個阿爾法粒子與一個梅子布丁原子相撞，它會徑直穿過，其路徑最多偏轉幾分之一度。但是在實驗中，蓋格和馬斯登發現大部分的粒子都是透過很小的角度散射的，但是大出意外的是，有一小部分粒子是透過很大的角度散射的，接近180°（也就是說，它們是向後反射的）。
In Rutherford’s words:
“It is almost as incredible as if you had fired a fifteen inch shell at a sheet of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.”
用盧瑟福的話說:
“這幾乎就像你向一張紙巾發射了一枚15英寸的炮彈，它卻彈回來擊中了你一樣不可思議。”
盧瑟福模型——金箔實驗
Rutherford assumed that, to deflect the alpha particle backward, there must be a very large force. This force could be provided only result from a collision with a massive target or from an interaction with an electric or magnetic field of great strength. In previous experiments, it was shown the deflections had to be electrical or perhaps possibly magnetic in origin.
盧瑟福假設，要使阿爾法粒子向後偏轉，必須有一個非常大的力。這種力只能由與巨大目標的碰撞或與強大的電場或磁場的相互作用產生。在以前的實驗中表明，這種偏轉可能是電的，或者可能起源於磁。
注：
（以下內容來自百度百科）
盧瑟福模型，或行星模型、太陽系模型，是物理大師歐尼斯特·盧瑟福創立的原子模型。1909年，盧瑟福領導設計與發展成功的盧瑟福散射，證實了原子核存在於原子中心處。從此，盧瑟福推翻了約瑟夫·湯姆孫主張的梅子布丁模型。盧瑟福設計的新模型，根據他的實驗結果，擁有幾個重要的特色。大多數的質量和正電荷，都集中於一個很小的區域（原子核）；電子則環繞在原子核的外面，像行星的環繞著太陽進行公轉。
（待續）
