一提起東亞文化圈（東亞），我們往往第一時間想到的就是三個國家：中國、日本、韓國；然而，越南無論是從人種上還是歷史上，都更接近更符合中華文化的分支；於是，近期在海外知乎平臺Quora上，許多越南網友都提出了對此十分困惑的問題：為什麼很多人認為越南不屬於（中日韓）東亞文化圈?
問題：為什麼很多人認為越南不屬於（中日韓）東亞文化圈?
扇海：河內國家經濟大學經濟學院
I see the negligence of the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture as one of the main reasons.You see, both South Korea and Japan are actively promoting their traditional culture, while the Ministry of Culture and Science is promoting Western cultural elements in Vietnamese culture.For example: coffee, baguette, opera house, church, post office, and even the westernized Aodai design.Many foreigners believe that all non-Western cultures in Vietnamese culture belong to Chinese culture, which rarely occurs in Japan and South Korea.
我認為越南文化部的失職是主要原因之一。你們看韓國和日本都在積極宣傳本國的傳統文化，而越南文部科學省卻在宣傳越南文化中的西方文化元素。例如:咖啡、長棍麵包、歌劇院、教堂、郵局，甚至西方化的敖代設計。許多外國人認為越南文化中的所有非西方文化都屬於中華文化，這在日本和韓國很少發生。
While our traditional cultures are as interesting and rich as China, Japan, South Korea, they have been on hold for too long.The Ministry of Culture believes that if they offer foreigners what they want to see (namely the Westernization elements), they can be more aware of our country and are willing to invest here.But it is this low sense of pride and unconfidence that weakens Vietnam's cultural appeal.
雖然我們的傳統文化和中國、日本、韓國一樣有趣和豐富，但它們已經被擱置太久了。文化部認為，如果他們給外國人提供他們想看的東西(也就是西化的元素)，他們就能對我們國家更加認可並且願意來這兒投資。但正是這種低微的自豪感和不自信的行為讓越南的文化吸引力越來愈弱。
Check out how the Koreans promote their traditional costumes and aesthetics through the movies.On our side, the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture is lowering our culture just to make it look less "Chinese", in other words, they are insecure and afraid to show our truly traditional culture.They deliberately chose to design away from traditional East Asian aesthetics.
看看韓國人是如何透過電影宣傳他們的傳統服裝和美學的吧。而我們這邊呢，越南文化部正在貶低我們的文化，只是為了讓它看起來不太“中國化”，換句話說，他們沒有安全感，害怕展示我們真正的傳統文化。他們故意選擇遠離傳統東亞美學的設計。
Why is Vietnam too scared of making a movie with something like this:
為什麼越南這麼害怕拍這樣的電影:

中越合拍電影：《太師陳守度》
We have our own tea culture, but the Ministry of Culture does not advocate it.Instead, they promoted coffee as a Vietnamese culture.The Ministry of Culture never promoted the various temples and incense towers in Ningju, but used the French colonial landmarks as landmarks in Vietnam.Why is the symbol of Saigon a church, not Yongren Temple or Tianhou Temple?To be fair, having new cultural creation is not a bad thing, but it is important to raise awareness of traditional culture (such as Taiwan's pearl milk tea, but Taiwan also promotes its traditional Chinese tea).
我們有自己的茶文化，但文化部不提倡。相反，他們將咖啡作為越南的一種文化來推廣。文化部從來沒有宣傳寧州的各種寺廟、香塔等越南的重要地標建築，而是把法國殖民時期的地標建築作為越南的地標建築。為什麼西貢的象徵是教堂，而不是永仁寺或天厚寺呢?公平地說，有新的文化創造不是壞事，但提高對傳統文化的認識很重要(例如臺灣的珍珠奶茶，但臺灣也推廣其傳統的中國茶)。
The Ministry of Culture is really determined to do more to promote and raise awareness of traditional Vietnamese culture; otherwise, if you don't even know who you are, you can't expect others to know who you are.
越南文化部真的應該下定決心做更多的努力來推廣和提高大家對越南傳統文化的認知；否則，如果你連自己都不知道自己是誰，你就不能指望別人知道你是誰。
愛德華，倫敦大學瑪麗女王學院經濟學與數學碩士
Lack of understanding of the Vietnamese culture as a whole.They all just look on the surface at the Vietnamese culture, which looks like a typical Southeast Asian culture.However, going into one layer, you see how much Vietnam shares with South Korea and Japan and how much different it is from Laos and Cambodia.
對越南文化整體缺乏瞭解。他們都只是從表面上看越南文化，越南文化看起來像是典型的東南亞文化。然而，深入其中一層，你會發現越南與韓國和日本有多少共同之處，與寮國和柬埔寨又有多少不同。
A lot of Koreans and Japanese do not want to be linked to Southeast Asians because they are dark, dark and short, and to their opinion they are inferior.Although the Vietnamese have 50% East Asian origin, and most looked more East Asian than the Mongols, they were looked down upon.
很多韓國人和日本人不想和東南亞人聯絡在一起，因為他們面板黝黑、膚色黝黑、身材矮小，在他們看來，他們是低人一等的人。儘管越南人有50%的東亞血統，大多數人看起來比蒙古人更像東亞人，但他們被看不起。
Besides North Korea, Vietnam is the weakest, poorest and least powerful country in the Chinese circle.This means that their culture is less significant and less popular.The Chinese have the largest ethnic group and the most influential culture, South Korea has the Korean Wave and Japanese anime.Vietnam is not currently available.
除了朝鮮，越南是中國圈最弱、最窮、最不強大的國家。這意味著他們的文化不那麼顯著，也不那麼流行。中國人有最大的民族群體和最具影響力的文化，韓國有韓流，日本有動漫。越南目前還沒有。
Now the Vietnamese writing system is Latin, which means a huge leap in the way of cultural identity with Japan, Korea, China and Vietnam.With the Latin alphabet, one feels that Vietnam has nothing to do with Chinese, because Vietnam can easily convert into Latin, which is wrong
現在越南語的書寫系統是拉丁語，這意味著與日本、韓國、中國和越南的文化認同的方式有了巨大的飛躍。有了拉丁字母，人們就會覺得越南和中文一點關係都沒有，因為越南可以很容易地轉換成拉丁語，這是不對的。
Honestly, it is a little sad that Vietnam is culturally closer to China than South Korea and Japan, but no one knows that.
老實說，越南在文化上比韓國和日本更接近中國，但卻沒有人知道這一點，這有點悲哀。
Duc:出生於河內，生活在西貢
All those who have attended school should know that Vietnam is in the East Asian cultural circle, and that the traditional culture is inherited from the Chinese culture.As a Vietnamese, I am not all concerned about the issue of recognition or disapproval.We understand our history and culture, and if we really want to be culturally recognized, the following issues need to be addressed:
所有上過學的人都應該知道越南是在東亞文化圈，並且在傳統文化上是傳承於中華文化的。作為一名越南人，我一點也不關心認可不認可這個問題。我們瞭解我們的歷史和文化，如果我們真的想要在文化上被認可，我們以下這些問題就需要解決：
1, Work harder and make Vietnam become a developed first-world country. Try to make the “Miracle on the Red and Saigon rivers” become a reality. You know why the Chinese, Koreans and Japanese never consider us to be in the same league with them, despite Vietnam having a more similar culture to China than Korea and Japan? Not that Vietnam is geographically in Southeast Asia. If it were a first-world country, they’d gladly call it an “East Asian country” or at least respect us if we choose to call it so. Without money, we get neither. Nobody will give a damn about you if you continue to hold no relevance to the world. Not long ago in the 20th century, Korea was always glossed over when the topic of East Asia came up. Here is what an American has to say:
努力工作，讓越南成為發達的第一世界國家。使“紅河和西貢河奇蹟”成為現實。儘管越南和中國的文化比韓國和日本更相似，你知道為什麼中國人、韓國人和日本人從來不認為我們和他們是一個文化圈子的嗎?如果它是發達國家，他們會很高興地稱它為“東亞國家”，或者至少尊重我們。但是如果我們沒有錢，我們什麼都得不到。如果你繼續與世界脫節，沒有人會在乎你。20世紀初，每當提到東亞的時候，韓國總是被人們所忽視。下面是一個美國人曾經說的話:
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"Twenty years ago, I attended a roundtable in Seoul on the topic of why South Korea's cultural influence at the time was unknown relative to its close neighbors.At that time, Samsung and K-pop were just beginning to gain respect in economically developed countries.Except for Chinese fans like us, nobody is interested in Korean history or the aka Sutra.In my opinion, Korea's advantage is in its rapidly improved living standards, a small country crowded with mountains and coastline, and a balance of traditional and modern cultural elements.I haven't been to Vietnam yet, but I saw a former colleague living in Vietnam often post on facebook: Vietnam now reminds me of South Korea experienced in the 1990s, vibrant and in transition.Like South Korea and some other Asian countries, Vietnam appears to be an eclectic combination of native and foreign cultural elements, especially in architecture, cuisine, and religious beliefs.Building an individual or group confidence on better or better than another person or group is a failing game because there are always larger, smarter, stronger, fairer or more successful people or groups.The Danes are considered the happiest people in the world, although they have no major cultural exports or tourist attractions.They do enjoy a high level of life and social mobility.As an American who has lived overseas for many years, it seems to me that competitive national pride is clearly overestimated and, at worst, destructive.” |
“20年前，我在首爾參加了一個圓桌會議，主題是為什麼韓國當時的文化影響力相對於它的近鄰而言不為人知。那個時候三星和K-pop剛剛開始在經濟發達的國家獲得尊重。除了像我們這樣的漢語迷，沒有人對朝鮮歷史或大藏經感興趣。在我看來，韓國優勢在於其快速提高的生活水平，一個小國家擠在山區和海岸線上輕鬆娛樂，以及傳統和現代文化元素的平衡。我還沒去過越南，但看到一位在越南生活的前同事經常在facebook上發帖子：越南現在的景象讓我想起了90年代經歷的韓國，充滿活力，處於過渡時期。就像韓國和其他一些亞洲國家一樣，越南似乎是本土和外來文化元素的折衷組合，尤其是在建築、美食和宗教信仰方面。把個人或群體的自信建立在比另一個人或群體優秀或更好的基礎上是一種失敗的遊戲，因為總有更大、更聰明、更強大、更漂亮或更成功的人或群體。丹麥人被認為是世界上最幸福的人，儘管他們沒有主要的文化出口或旅遊景點。他們確實享受著高水平的生活和社會流動性。作為一個在海外生活多年的美國人，在我看來，有競爭力的民族自豪感顯然被高估了，往壞了說是破壞性的。”
2. Educate the public about more traditional Vietnamese culture, especially the part influenced by Chinese culture.Many Vietnamese think that our ancestors wore Obodai in their 4,000-year history.Obodai only appeared in the Nguyen dynasty (200 years ago).That is why the first reaction when they saw an early reconstruction of traditional clothing would be "WTF looks so Chinese / Korean", "our ancestors didn't wear this stuff" and then go on to insert some Odai photos 100 years ago to prove their claim.What should you say about this LOL?If the Vietnamese could not accept their own traditional culture, who else would do the job for them?
2、教育大眾更多的越南傳統文化，特別是受中華文化薰陶的部分。很多越南人認為我們的祖先在4000年的歷史中都穿著鰲戴。鰲戴是在阮王朝(200年前)才出現的。這就是為什麼當他們看到早期傳統服裝的重建時，第一反應會是“WTF看起來如此中國/韓國”，“我們的祖先沒有穿這些東西”，然後繼續插入一些100年前的奧岱照片來證明他們的說法。關於這個LOL，該說些什麼呢?如果越南人不能接受他們自己的傳統文化，還有誰會為他們做這份工作?
3. Rebuild the traditional costumes of various dynasties in Vietnamese history, and take these costumes as part of our history, although they may look very Chinese.What would our ancestors think if they knew that their descendants were rejecting the traditions of the country?
3、重建越南歷史上各個朝代的傳統服飾，把這些服裝作為我們歷史的一部分，儘管它們可能看起來很中國化。如果我們的祖先知道他們的後代正在拒絕這個國家的傳統，他們會怎麼想?
3. Reconstruction all temples and palaces destroyed by war and tropical climate.Especially now destroy the Thang Long (Shenglong) Imperial Castle in Hanoi and partially destroy the Tonal Imperial Castle.Return to their old glory.Vietnam is where only rich people can do that.Since many Vietnamese heritage was damaged or stolen during the colonial period, many Vietnamese are now ignorant of the country's past and achievements.They cannot understand that their ancestors built buildings as magnificent as the Dunlong Imperial Castle.So the spectre of a nation permanently trapped by poverty and smallconstantly haunted them to realize that the Imperial city of the Tang Dragon might be greater than the present city of Beijing.
3、重建所有被戰爭和熱帶氣候破壞的廟宇和宮殿。尤其是現在摧毀Thang長(昇龍)帝國城堡在河內和部分破壞色調帝國城堡。讓他們昔日的榮耀重現。越南只有有錢人才能這麼做。由於許多越南遺產在殖民時期遭到破壞或被盜，許多越南人現在對國家的過去和成就一無所知。他們無法理解他們的祖先建造了像唐龍帝國城堡那樣宏偉的建築。因此，一個永遠被貧窮和渺小所困的國家的幽靈不斷地縈繞在他們的腦海中，使他們無法意識到唐龍皇城可能比現在北京的皇城還要大。
4. Standardize and reintroduce the Han Nom again.Like Koreans treating Chinese characters, they use "Han Nom" (Vietnamese-made Chinese characters) as an elective course in the K12 course.Let the government recognize it.
4、再次規範和重新介紹Han Nom。像韓國人對待漢字一樣，把“漢Nom”(越南人制造的漢字)作為K12課程的選修課。讓政府給予認可。
Plus, don't forget to make great historical dramas.Learning from the Chinese and the Koreans is wise.Given the history of Vietnam, we can have better scripts than in Korean cinema.Anyone who wants to delve into Vietnam history will find that Vietnam history is no less attractive than Chinese history.
另外，不要忘記製作偉大的歷史劇。向中國人和韓國人學習是明智之舉。考慮到越南的歷史，我們可以有比韓國電影更好的劇本。任何想要鑽研越南歷史的人都會發現，越南歷史的魅力不亞於中國歷史。
But, to finish points 2,3,4, and 5, you have to go back to point 1: get rich first.When the Vietnamese are confident enough, cognition comes naturally without requiring you to yell on the roof.Therefore, less complaint, more action, to make the country richer
但是，要完成第2、3、4和5點，你必須回到第1點:先致富。當越南人有足夠的自信時，認知就會自然而然地到來，而不需要你在屋頂上大喊大叫。因此，少抱怨，多行動，讓國家更富有。
