定語從句(一)
定語: 請找出下列句子中的定語:
* Jinan is a beautiful city.
* They made paper flowers.
* I have something to tell you.
* The boy in the room is Jack.
* Do you know the boy who is under the tree?
* China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
介詞短語定語
- The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.
(in the classroom 為定語,修飾名詞boy;of yours為定語,修飾名詞pen)/教室裡的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。 - The boy in blue is Tom.
(in blue為定語,修飾名詞boy)/穿藍色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 - There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.
(two,three,of 9和of10為定語,修飾名詞boy)/有兩個9歲的,三個10歲的男孩。
形容詞定語
所有的形容詞,只要後面加名詞,都是定語
名詞定語
- The boy needs a ball pen.(ball為定語,修飾名詞pen)/男孩需要一支圓珠筆。
- It is a ball pen.(ball為定語,修飾名詞pen)/這是一支圓珠筆。
- There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box為定語,修飾名詞ball pen )/這鉛筆盒裡只有一支圓珠筆。
副詞定語
- The boy there needs a pen.(there為定語,修飾名詞boy)/那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
- The best boy here is Tom.(here為定語,修飾名詞boy)/這裡最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式定語
- The boy to write this letter needs a pen.( to write this letter 為定語,修飾名詞boy)/寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。
- The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter為定語, 修飾名詞boy)/將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。
- There is nothing to do today.(to do為定語, 修飾名詞nothing)/今天沒有事要做。
分詞定語
- The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.( smiling為定語, 修飾名詞boy;bought by his mother為定語,修飾名詞pen)/那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。
- The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 為定語,修飾名詞pen)/她買的筆是中國產的。
- There are five boys left.(five為定語,修飾名詞boy;left為定語,修飾名詞boy)/有五個留下的男孩。
定語從句
在複合句中,用於限定或修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞,定語從句必須放在先行詞之後。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,初中階段重點學習限制性定語從句。
定語從句的引導詞有關係代詞who, whom, whose, which, that 和關係副詞when, where, why 等。
- 關係代詞(who/ whom/ that/which)的用法
- who 為主格,用於指人,在從句中用作主語。
My friend who lives in Qingdao came to see me yesterday.
昨天,我的一位住在青島的朋友來看我了。
2.whom 為賓格,用於指人,在從句中做賓語。在口語中who 可代替whom, 但之前有介詞時,仍須用whom. Who 或whom 在從句中作賓語可省略。
The men (whom/who)they want to visit is a scientist.
他們想拜訪的那個人是一位科學家。
3.that 可指物,也可指人,在從句中用作主語、賓語等。that 作賓語時可以省略,作介詞賓語時,不能將that 直接置於介詞之後。
Do you know the person who/that is reading over there? 你認識在那邊讀書的那個人嗎?
He is not the man (that/who/whom)we can trust. 他不是我們能夠信任的那種人。
The books (that) I borrowed from the library may be of use to you.
我從圖書館借的這些書可能對你有用。
4.which 用於指物,在從句中用作主語、賓語,作賓語時可省略。which 和that 指物時可交替使用,但which 可直接置於介詞之後,而that 則不能。
The building which/that stands near the lake is our school.
坐落在湖邊的建築是我們的學校。
The film (which/that) we saw last night was very educational.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很有教育意義。
The room in which she lives is clean and tidy. 她住的房間很整潔。