090 質子的發現
Discovery of Proton
(https://www.nuclear-power.com/)
質子的發現
According to modern physics, a proton is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. In the universe, protons are abundant, making up about half of all visible matter. It has a positive electric charge (+1e) and a rest mass equal to 1.67262 × 10−27 kg (938.272 MeV/c2)— marginally lighter than that of the neutron but nearly 1836 times greater than that of the electron. The proton has a mean square radius of about 0.87 × 10−15 m, or 0.87 fm, and it is a spin – ½ fermion.
根據現代物理學,質子是構成物質的亞原子粒子之一。在宇宙中,質子非常豐富,約佔所有可見物質的一半。它帶正電荷(+1e),靜止質量等於1.67262 × 10^ - 27kg(938.272 MeV/c^2),比中子稍輕,但幾乎是電子的1836倍。質子的均方半徑約為0.87 × 10^−15 m,即0.87 fm,是自旋- 1 / 2的費米子。
The protons exist in the nuclei of typical atoms, along with their neutral counterparts, the neutrons. Neutrons and protons, commonly called nucleons, are bound together in the atomic nucleus, where they account for 99.9 percent of the atom’s mass. Research in high-energy particle physics in the 20th century revealed that neither the neutron nor the proton is not the smallest building block of matter.
質子及其中性相對物,即中子,存在於典型的原子核中。中子和質子,通常被稱為核子,被束縛在原子核中,它們佔原子質量的99.9%。20世紀對高能粒子物理學的研究表明,中子和質子都不是物質的最小組成部分。
注:
(以下內容來自百度百科)
質子(proton)是一種帶 1.6 × 10^-19 庫侖(C)正電荷的亞原子粒子,直徑約 1.6~1.7×10^−15 m ,質量是938百萬電子伏特/c^2(MeV/c^2),即1.672621637(83)×10^-27千克,大約是電子質量的1836.5倍(電子的質量為9.10938215(45)×10^-31千克),質子比中子稍輕(中子的質量為1.674927211(84)×10^-27千克)。質子屬於重子類,由兩個上夸克和一個下夸克透過膠子在強相互作用下構成。原子核中質子數目決定其元素的種類和它屬於何種化學元素。
(待續)