在海外問答網站Quora上，一名來自印度的網友問道：印度的科技和製造業什麼時候以何種方式可以超過中國，這個問題引起各國網友的熱烈討論，一名印度專家撰文引用各項資料說明了兩國的差距，稱印度在科技和製造業領域實現跨越性進步可能性不大。
問題：什麼時候以何種方式印度科技和製造業可以超過中國？
Your idea is a little out of control. Let me show you two Chinese made heavy weapons to broaden your horizons.
你的這種想法未免有些不知天高地厚了，下面給你看兩件中國國產重器，給你開拓一下眼界。
This is the first high-speed railway slj900 / 32 "all-round" new type mobile bridge erecting machine without lower guide beam developed by Hanjiang heavy industry technology company, the sixth company of China Railway Construction 11th bureau group.
下圖是中國鐵建十一局集團六公司漢江重工科技公司自行研製的，中國首臺完全自主智慧財產權的高速鐵路SLJ900/32“全能型”新型無下導梁流動式架橋機。
架橋機
This mechanical monster weighs about 580 tons, is 91 meters long and 7 meters wide. The machine is transported by a group of 64 wheels. Each wheel is divided into four parts. Each part is composed of 16 wheels. It integrates lifting beam, transporting beam and erecting beam, which also explains the origin of the title of China's infrastructure crazy devil.
這隻機械怪獸重約580噸，長91米，寬7米。機器透過一組64個輪子進行運輸，每個輪子分為四個部分，每個部分由16個輪子組成，它集提樑、運梁、架樑於一體，這也解釋了中國“基建狂魔”稱號的由來。
Do you know how difficult it is to build a tunnel? For a long time, only Germany and Japan have been able to manufacture machines that can complete this work, and China has to continue to rely on the technical teams of other countries to dig tunnels until foreign countries rely on technical barriers to start prices. China has decided to develop its own shield machine.
你知道修建隧道有多難嗎？長期以來，只有德國和日本能夠製造出能夠完成這項工作的機器，而中國不得不繼續依賴其他國家的技術團隊來挖掘隧道，直到外國依靠技術壁壘坐地起價，中國決定研發自己的盾構機。
盾構機
Shield machine is a high-end equipment, known as "land aircraft carrier". For a long time, the core parts of shield machine made in China have been dependent on imports. North China heavy industry united with the top research institutes in China to carry out a successful technical breakthrough, overcome the technical problems of key components of shield machine, achieve another breakthrough in China's high-end equipment, and realize the 100% localization of shield machine manufacturing for the first time.
盾構機是高階裝置，號稱“陸地航母”，長期以來中國製造的盾構機，核心零部件一直依賴進口。中國北方重工聯合國內頂級研究所進行了一次成功的技術攻關，攻克了盾構機關鍵部件技術難題，實現了中國高階裝備的又一個突破，也第一次實現了盾構機制造的100%國產化。
Do we have these big killers in India? With all due respect, we can't even build a public toilet. Don't talk about these guys. In fact, India does not even have the opportunity to compete with China in manufacturing, R & D and technology. It is absurd to compare the two countries. The sad current situation of India's manufacturing industry can be mentioned more than 70 years before independence. The lack of awareness of independence has kept the country under others' control. India can't even make simple products like earphones. Yes, even these small earphones may be made in China, even though they may have labels made in India to deceive Indians.
我們印度有這些大殺器嗎？恕我直言，我們連公廁都建不好，不要說這些傢伙了。實際上，在製造業、研發和技術方面，印度甚至沒有機會與中國競爭，將兩國進行比較是荒謬的。印度製造業的可悲現狀可以從獨立七十多年前說起，缺乏獨立自主的意識讓這個國家一直受制於人。印度甚至不能製造像耳機這樣簡單的產品，是的，就是你現在用的耳機也可能是在中國製造的，儘管它們可能帶有印度製造的標籤，以欺騙印度人。
It is very unfair for China to compare the two countries. Most Chinese people don't want their country to be compared with India. They think it is disgraceful. Just as others compare us with Pakistan, they prefer to compare their country with the United States, Japan and other countries.
比較這兩個國家對中國來說是非常不公平的。大多數中國人不希望他們的國家被拿來與印度相比，他們認為這有失尊嚴，就像別人把我們和巴基斯坦相比一樣，他們喜歡更將自己的國家與美國、日本等國家進行比較。
The existing technological capacity of a country can be measured by the number of high-tech companies in the country. According to the Fortune Global 500, China occupies 129 of the world's top 500 enterprises, ranking first in the world, while India has only 7, less than Taiwan Island. Among the 20 largest technology companies, 9 are Chinese companies and the rest are American companies. There are no Indian companies on the list.
一個國家現有的技術能力可以透過該國高科技公司的數量來衡量。根據《財富》全球500強，中國在世界500強企業中佔據129家，排名世界第一，而印度只有7家，比臺灣島還少。在20家最大的科技公司中，有9家是中國公司，其餘都是美國公司。名單上沒有印度公司。
The scientific and technological innovation ability of a country can be measured from three aspects: patent, nature index and R & D investment. In 2019, China's R & D investment was US $297.1 billion, ranking second in the world, more than the total of Europe, while India's R & D investment was US $16.8 billion, ranking 18th in the world, accounting for only 5.6% of China. In terms of the number of patent applications, China ranks first in the world, and the number of patent applications in India is less than 3% of that in China. In the nature index of high-quality scientific journals, China ranks second only to the United States, while India is not even on the list.
衡量一個國家的科技創新能力也可以從專利、高質量科學期刊指數（nature index）和研發投資三個方面來衡量。2019年，中國的研發投資為2971億美元，居世界第二位，超過整個歐洲的總和，而印度的研發投資為168億美元，居世界第18位，僅佔中國的5.6%。就專利申請數量而言，中國排名世界第一，印度的專利申請數量也不到中國的3%。在高質量科學期刊索引（nature index）中，中國排名第二，僅次於美國，而印度甚至不在名單上。
It can be seen from the above data that India is not close to China in technology. China's technical strength is not only significantly ahead of India, but also ahead of Japan, Germany, France and Britain, only behind the United States.
從以上資料可以看出，印度在技術上與中國並不接近，中國的技術實力不僅顯著領先於印度，而且領先於日本、德國、法國、英國，僅落後於美國。
Considering that India's current technology lags far behind China, and China's annual R & D investment is more than 17 times that of India, the technology gap between China and India will not narrow, but will expand in the future. If India wants to catch up with China in technology, India's annual R & D expenses must be at least 20 times higher than now. The Indian government should know that there is no shortcut to success. No matter how many high-tech weapons and products you buy from other countries, technology itself does not belong to you. To succeed, you need to invest money and time in technology.
考慮到印度目前的技術遠遠落後於中國，而中國每年的研發投資是印度的17倍以上，未來中印之間的技術差距不會縮小，而是會擴大。如果印度想在技術上趕上中國，印度每年的研發費用必須比現在高出至少20倍。印度政府應該知道，成功沒有捷徑，不管你從其他國家購買多少高科技武器和產品，技術本身並不屬於你。要想取得成功，你需要在技術上投入資金和時間。
高科技產品出口額排名
Another important indicator to measure the development level of a country's science and technology industry is the ranking of high-tech exports.
另一個衡量一個國家科技產業發展水平的重要指標就是高科技產品出口額排名。中國在這張榜單上獨佔鰲頭，2018年收入近7140億美元，2019年收入7770億美元，榜單裡印度排不上號，2018年排名第17位，分別為235.3億美元和2019年232億美元。
The 2012 list shows that China's high-tech exports accounted for only 19% in that year, but by 2020, they have increased to 42%. 3 this does not include China's Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. By 2025, it is expected that more than 60% of total exports will come from Chinese enterprises.
2012年榜單顯示，該年度中國高科技出口額僅佔19%，而到2020年，已經增長到了42%，而這還不包括中國的港澳臺地區。到2025年，預計超過60%的出口總量將來自中國企業。
India has almost no foundation for technological development. From 1996 to 2020, because we decided to develop the service industry with less efforts and faster profits, now we have become a country with many dazzling barber shops and nightclubs.
而印度幾乎沒有任何技術發展的基礎，從1996年到2020年，由於我們以更少的努力和更快的利潤決定發展服務產業，現在我們已經成為了一個擁有眾多光彩奪目的理髮店和夜總會的國家。
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, they are almost ready to break through the technical blockade in the field of Samsung and TSMC chips, and the R & D and manufacturing of 28nm and 14nm process chips have made rapid progress; The source of core materials for their satellite manufacturing is no longer NASA. They defeated Xigu company in high-speed rail R & D, and won the battle with Mitsubishi in Japan in terms of design and patent of zonzai engine. The Chinese always want to be better.
中國的科技日新月異，他們幾乎快要突破三星和臺積電晶片領域的技術封鎖，28nm和14nm製程晶片的研發製造進步神速；他們製造衛星的核心材料來源不再非NASA不可，他們在高鐵研發方面擊敗了西谷公司，他們對ZonZEI發動機的設計和專利方面在與日本三菱的對戰中勝出。中國人總是想要更好。
And what is India doing? Restrictions on Chinese products through high tariffs, banning Chinese applications such as tiktok and wechat, and reducing the market share of Chinese products, but we have never thought about how we can strive to do better. Government officials are always willing to lie and publicize mediocre political achievements through celebrity advertising and spending a lot of money on meaningless media articles and publicity. A congressman even said "don't spend money on research, don't spend money on high-quality scholarships, don't spend money on retaining talents, don't spend money on health and education, and spend money on buying missiles and weapons".
而印度在做什麼？透過高關稅限制中國產品，禁止TIKTOK、微信等中文應用、降低中國產品的市場份額，如此種種，但我們從來沒有思考過怎樣可以努力做得更好，政府官員總是樂於透過名人廣告和在無意義的媒體文章和宣傳上花費巨資來撒謊和宣傳平庸的政績。一位國會議員竟然說出“不要把錢花在研究上、不要把錢花在高質量獎學金上、不要把錢花在留住人才上、不要把錢花在衛生和教育事業上，把錢用在購買導彈和武器上面”這樣的話來。
If we continue like this, Indians will always be losers. Unless we fight, we will be far away from China and will never enter the vision of the Chinese people.
如果我們再繼續這樣下去，印度人將永遠是輸家，除非打嘴仗，否則我們將被中國遠遠甩開，永遠不會進入到中國人的視野中去。
