冬天來啦!起床又成了“老大難”,總是貪戀被子給予的溫暖......
睡懶覺常常會讓雙語君有罪惡感,但冬天起床困難可不能怪我們懶,科學研究稱:冬天愛睡覺和大腦有關!
美國西北大學一個神經生物學小組在大腦中發現了“溫度計”迴路(thermometer circuit),可以解釋為什麼冬天起床那麼困難。
一起來看下這個原理:
Looking at how sensory and sleep cycle neurons in fruit flies react to chillier temperatures, the team has found that a thermometer circuit, from sensory neurons to higher brain centers, can transfer information about cold temps from their antennas right to the brain.
透過研究果蠅的感覺神經和睡眠週期神經元對寒冷溫度的反應,該研究小組發現,果蠅體內有一個從感覺神經元到高階大腦中樞的“溫度計”迴路,能把果蠅體內的低溫資訊,從觸角直接傳遞到大腦。
The circuit will display persistent activity at absolute temperatures lower than the fly's favorite, and directly target higher brain centers involved in the control of sleep and activity, adjusting fly behavior specifically to cold conditions.
當絕對溫度低於果蠅的舒適溫度後,“溫度計”迴路會開始活躍運動,並直接傳輸到高階大腦中樞,調整果蠅睡眠和活躍行為,從而使果蠅能夠適應寒冷環境。
Through the circuit, seasonally cold and dark conditions can inhibit neurons within the fly brain that promote activity and wakefulness, particularly in the morning.透過該回路,季節性寒冷和黑暗環境可以抑制果蠅大腦中促進活動和清醒的神經元,特別是在早晨。
果蠅和人類對環境溫度的偏好雖然不同,但二者大腦中的溫度感應原理有著驚人的相似。
Macro Gallio, associate professor of neurobiology in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences said, "by studying behaviors in a fruit fly, we can better understand how and why temperature is so critical to regulating sleep".
溫伯格文理學院神經生物學副教授馬可·加里奧表示:“透過研究果蠅的行為,我們可以更好地理解溫度對調節睡眠的重要性。“
簡單來說,在冬天,外界溫度低於人類舒適溫度,這時,大腦中的“溫度計”察覺到後,將這個資訊傳遞給大腦,大腦就要做出相關反應,抑制控制睡眠的神經元啟用,這就解釋了為什麼冬天起床這麼困難了。
在冬天,除了早晨起不來,有沒有感覺還會經常犯困、老想睡覺?
這一切都可以解釋……一起來看看吧!
太陽光照不足
The lack of sunlight means more melatonin, the so-called "sleep hormone" responsible for the regulation of sleep-wake cycle. The more melatonin can make you feel sluggish and fatigued.
太陽光照少會導致褪黑素(睡眠荷爾蒙,負責調整睡眠週期)分泌過多。過多的褪黑素會導致人體感到疲倦、反應遲鈍。
飲食習慣變化
圖源:東方IC
Many people eat more fat- and carbohydrate-heavy comfort food during the cold months. This dietary change can impact sleep quality, sleep timing and the circadian rhythm, especially when those changes yield a less healthy diet overall and heavier evening meals.
天氣寒冷,許多人會吃更多脂肪含量和碳水化合物含量高的食物。這種變化會讓飲食結構不太健康,也會導致晚餐食量增加,從而影響睡眠質量、睡眠時間和晝夜節律。
季節性情緒失調
The seasonal affective disorder is a type of depression that occurs more frequently in women and has been linked to the changing seasons. It typically starts during fall and progresses into winter months. This disorder is not only due to the disruption of the person's biological clock and melatonin levels, but to a decrease in another hormone/neurotransmitter called serotonin. The latter is responsible for the person's mood drop, which leads to a feeling of sadness and depression.
季節性情緒失調(簡稱SAD)是抑鬱的一種型別,多發於女性,發病與季節變化關係密切。通常於秋季發病,持續整個冬季。人體生物鐘和褪黑素水平紊亂,加之血清素減少,都是SAD的主要病因。血清素減少會導致人的情緒下降,從而導致悲傷和沮喪情緒滋生。
Associated symptoms of SAD include: low energy levels and fatigue, hopelessness, sometimes suicidal thoughts, oversleeping, weight gain with a tendency to crave sweets and starchy foods.
SAD的相關症狀包括:能量水平低、疲乏、絕望、有時有自殺傾向、嗜睡、體重增加以及喜食甜食和富含澱粉的食物。
看到這些原理,是不是覺得自己冬天睡懶覺的“罪惡感”都減輕了許多?
不過,優秀的小夥伴可早就開始主動改變啦。方法還是不少的,比如:
❶ 起床後就拉開窗簾、開啟窗戶,讓陽光照射到屋子裡(let more sunlight into your home)。在陽光好的時候,多出去走走。
圖源:東方IC
❷傍晚鍛鍊有助於減輕疲勞感、改善睡眠。嘗試每週鍛鍊150分鐘試試。
❸ 冥想(meditation)、瑜伽(yoga)、呼吸練習(breathing exercises)、正念技巧(mindfulness techniques)等都有助於身心放鬆和平靜並改善睡眠。
❹ 確保飲食健康均衡(a healthy and balanced diet),多吃富含維生素D的食物。
大家冬天有“起床困難症”嗎?又是怎麼克服的呢?
編輯:焦潔
實習生:申樂
來源:澎湃新聞 英語點津 StudyFinds Chronobiology Cell Ecellulitis
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